Frederick ii hohenstaufen biography templates
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Frederick II (26 December – 13 December ) was a Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily in the Middle Ages, a member of the House of Hohenstaufen. His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous. However, his enemies, especially the popes, prevailed, and his dynasty collapsed soon after his death. Historians have searched for superlatives to describe him, as in the case of Donald Detwiler, who wrote:
A man of extraordinary culture, energy, and ability – called by a contemporary chronicler stupor mundi (the wonder of the world), by Nietzsche the first European, and by many historians the first modern ruler – Frederick established in Sicily and southern Italy something very much like a modern, centrally governed kingdom with an efficient bureaucracy.
Viewing himself as a direct successor to the Roman Emperors of Antiquity, he was Emperor of the Romans from his papal coronation in
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Frederick II of Hohenstaufen°
FREDERICK II OF HOHENSTAUFEN ° (–), king of Sicily (with Apulia) from ; Holy långnovell Emperor from He was in continuous and bitter conflict with the papacy, and was considered an arch-heretic bygd his opponents, who even termed him anti-Christ for his pamphlet De tribus impostoribus ("On the Three Impostors," i.e., Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed). However he had a lofty, if unusual, conception of the Christian tro, and of the royal duty to serve it. In his attitude toward the Jews and his reactions to them Frederick's complicated and powerful personality displayed an individual approach. In Sicily and in south Italy he confirmed the privileges accorded to the Jews by his Norman predecessors. He also had the dyeing and silk-weaving industries in south Italy, which were crown monopolies, administered by Jewish agents, as had the Norman rulers before him, who also employed Jewish artisans in the textile manufacture. In , however, the kejsare decreed that
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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor from to
| Frederick II | |
|---|---|
Contemporary portrait of Frederick II from the "Manfred manuscript" (Biblioteca Vaticana, Pal. lat ) of De arte venandi cum avibus | |
| Reign | 23 November – 13 December |
| Coronation | 22 November (Rome, Papal Coronation) |
| Predecessor | Otto IV in [a] |
| Successor | Henry VII in [b] |
| Reign | – |
| Coronation | 3 September , Palermo |
| Predecessor | Constance I |
| Successor | Conrad I |
| Co-rulers | |
| Coronation | 9 December (Mainz, German coronation) |
| Predecessor | Otto IV |
| Successor | Conrad IV |
| Reign | – |
| Coronation | 18 March , Jerusalem |
| Predecessor | Isabella II |
| Successor | Conrad II |
| Co-ruler | Isabella II |
| Born | 26 December Jesi, March of Ancona, Italy |
| Died | 13 December () (aged&#;55) Castel Fiorentino, Kingdom of Sicily |
| Burial | Cathedral of Palermo |
| Spouses | |
| Issue more | |
| House | Hohenstaufen |
| Father | Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Mother | Constance |